About 50% Higher Permeability
Permeability improves by about 50%.
Pre-complexing improves early uptake and depth.
NOVA
More efficient delivery, more visible efficacy, and greater safety confidence
↑50%
Relative permeability gain
Permeability improves by about 50%.
Early penetration depth roughly doubles.
Pre-complexing is more stable than sequential loading.
NOVA
Human skin penetration study results
Results generated from human skin studies, with data captured using Raman spectroscopy-based research instruments.
About 50% higher permeability, doubled early depth.

Study snapshots and supporting takeaways

Pre-complexing shows the best profile.

Sequential loading looks less stable.
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